什麼是獨立子句與從屬子句?
我們會說完整的句子基本組成會包含獨立子句和從屬子句，但其實子句就是一個”合格”句子，你可能會問？ 那他們有什麼不同呢?為何要有所分別？ 它們兩者最大的差異就是，句子可以表達完整的意思，但是子句不一定。
首先，讓我們簡單說一下什麼是子句。子句是包含主詞和動詞的一組詞，它可能是句子的一部分或句子本身。
- Michelle laughed. Michelle笑了。（Michelle=主詞；laughed=動詞；子句已經是一個完整的句子。）
- Michelle laughed because of the dog. Michelle因為那隻狗而笑。（子句是句子的一部分。）
- Michelle laughed because the dog barked at the mirror. Michelle笑了，因為那隻狗對著鏡子吠叫。（兩個子句在一個句子中。Michelle laughed.=子句1；the dog barked=子句2）
子句可以進一步分為獨立子句和從屬子句。下面我們將更詳細的帶您了解兩者的分別及用法，一起來看看吧！
獨立子句
獨立子句是包含主詞和動詞的短句，且已經表達了完整的思維，所以獨立子句可以獨立存在，不用再加其他的東西。
- Jess finalized the plan for the trip. Jess敲定了這次旅行的計劃。
- Mary cleaned the room before making breakfast. Mary在做早餐前打掃了房間。
- Joseph was impressed with the proposal. Joseph對這個提議印象深刻。
可以以以下3種方式連接2個獨立子句
1.) 以使用分號連接兩個獨立的子句。
- Jess finalized the plan for the trip; he sent the itinerary via e-mail. Jess敲定了這次旅行的計劃；他用電子郵件發送了行程。
- Mary cleaned the room before making breakfast; Martha rushes for breakfast without cleaning up. Mary在做早餐前打掃了房間；Martha沒有打掃就衝過去吃早餐。
- Joseph was impressed with the proposal; he accepted it with no questions. Joseph對這個提議印象深刻；他毫無疑問地接受了這個提議。
2.) 以對等連接詞連接獨立子句。
用首字母縮寫詞 FANBOYS（for、and、nor、but、or、yet、so）很容易記住對等連接詞，別忘記要在對等連接詞之前加上逗號。這是為了避免連續句子。
- Jess finalized the plan for the trip, and he sent the itinerary via e-mail.Jess 確定了旅行計劃，並用電子郵件發送了行程。
- Mary cleaned the room before making breakfast, but Martha rushes for breakfast without cleaning up. Mary在做早餐前打掃了房間，但Martha沒有打掃就衝去吃早餐。
- Joseph was impressed with the proposal, so he accepted it with no questions. Joseph對這個提議印象深刻，所以他毫無疑問地接受了這個提議。
3.) 使用連詞副詞來組合兩個獨立子句。
常用的連接副詞有moreover, however, consequently, finally…等。在使用連接副詞時，要記得在第一個獨立子句之後使用分號，然後是連接副詞，再來是逗號，最後是第二個獨立子句。
- Jess finalized the plan for the trip; moreover, he sent the itinerary via e-mail. Jess敲定了這次旅行的計劃；此外，他還用電子郵件發送了行程。
- Mary cleaned the room before making breakfast; however, Martha rushes for breakfast without cleaning up. Mary在做早餐前打掃了房間；然而，Martha沒有打掃衛生就衝去吃早餐了。
- Joseph was impressed with the proposal; consequently, he accepted it with no questions. Joseph對這個提議印象深刻，因此他毫無疑問地接受了這個提議。
從屬子句
我們已經知道無論是獨立還是從屬子句，都有主語和動詞。從屬子句以一個從屬連接詞為首，無法表現有意義的思維，不能獨立存在。
- Because her dog Sid took a dive into the icy water. 因為她的狗希德潛入冰冷的水中。
- Though citizens are hesitant about getting the vaccine. 儘管公民對接種疫苗猶豫不決。
Because和Though是從屬連接詞，兩個句子都不完整。因此我們必須將它們附加到獨立子句中，來完成完整的句子。
- Because her dog Sid took a dive into the icy water, the woman rescued the dog immediately. 因為她的狗希德潛入冰冷的水中，女子立即將狗救了出來。
從屬子句 = Because her dog Sid took a dive into the icy water
獨立子句=the woman rescued the dog immediately - The government still thinks getting the vaccine is a good decision though the citizens are hesitant about it. 儘管公民對此猶豫不決，但政府仍然認為接種疫苗是一個不錯的決定。
從屬子句 = though the citizens are hesitant about it
獨立子句 = The government still thinks getting the vaccine is a good decision
從屬子句時，正確的標點符號也很重要。像是第一句例句，如果從屬子句放在開頭，那麼在連接獨立子句時需要使用逗號。在第二句中，獨立子句在前，從屬子句緊隨其後，不需要放置任何標點符號。
獨立子句和從屬子句：練習
在下面的每個句子中，分別看看哪些是獨立子句和從屬子句。
- While they were having dinner, the children were playing outside. 吃飯的時候，孩子們在外面玩。
- Lucy couldn’t read the letters clearly, so she took out her glasses. 露西看不清楚這些字母，所以她拿出了眼鏡。
- The actors got tired after the shoot since they shot their scenes for 12 hours. 由於12個小時的拍攝，演員們在拍攝後感到疲倦。
- Jason accidentally deleted some files; nevertheless, he was able to recover the most important ones. Jason 不小心刪除了一些文件，不過他能夠恢復最重要的那些。
- I will cook some food as soon as we arrive. 我們一到，我就會來做點食物。
檢查你的答案！(請反白以下內容)
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- While they were having dinner, the children were playing outside.
獨立子句 = the children were playing outside
從屬子句=While they were having dinner （While是從屬連接詞。） - Lucy couldn’t read the letters clearly, so she took out her glasses. Lucy看不清楚這些字母，所以她拿出了眼鏡。
獨立子句 1 = Lucy couldn’t read the letters clearly
獨立子句 2 = so she took out her glasses（so是對等連接詞。） - The actors got tired after the shoot since they shot their scenes for 12 hours. 由於12個小時的拍攝，演員們在拍攝後感到疲倦。
獨立子句 = The actors got tired after the shoot
從屬子句 = since they shot their scenes for 12 hours （since是從屬連接詞。） - Jason accidentally deleted some files; nevertheless, he was able to recover the most important ones. Jason 不小心刪除了一些文件，不過他能夠恢復最重要的那些。
獨立子句 1 = Jason accidentally deleted some files
獨立子句 2 =nevertheless, he was able to recover the most important ones.（nevertheless如此是一個連詞副詞。） - I will cook some food as soon as we arrive. 我們一到，我就會來做點食物。
獨立子句 = I will cook some food
從屬子句 = as soon as we arrive（as soon as是從屬連接詞。）
