英文連接詞是什麼?有什麼特性?
-基礎文法學習
什麼是英文連接詞(Conjunctions)?
英文連接詞被當作單字、片語或子句之間的連接字。 連接詞使多個句子或單字組合起來時,可以更流暢、簡單明了。 如果沒有連詞,就很難理解句子之間的關係,甚至是整篇文章的大意。
例:
- Matthew is neat. He is good-looking. Matthew has jet-black hair. He has deep blue eyes. Matthew seems confident. He seems determined. (Matthew很整潔。 他長得好看。 Matthew有一頭烏黑的頭髮。 他有一雙深藍色的眼睛。 Matthew感覺很自信。 他感覺很堅定。)
太多這樣的句子讀起來很煩,且感覺句子之間沒有關聯。 所以我們最好使用連結詞將句子改成這樣:
- Matthew is neat and good-looking. He has jet-black hair and deep blue eyes. Moreover, he seems confident and determined.(Matthew長得好看又整潔。他有一頭烏黑的頭髮和深藍色的眼睛。 此外,他感覺自信又堅定。)
是不是讀起來更流暢通順了! 接下來讓我們一起更了解連接詞吧!
英文連接詞的種類
1. 對等連接詞(Coordinating Conjunctions)
對等連接詞用於連接句子中上相等的單字、片語或子句。對等連接詞有七個,分別是 : for、and、nor、but、or、yet、so。使用字首縮寫 FANBOYS 可以讓你更容易記下它們喔。
*在繼續看更多對等連接詞的例子之前,讓我們簡要地來說說兩種類型的子句:獨立子句及從屬子句。獨立子句是可以獨立存在的子句,從屬子句則需要依附在一個句子才能成立。
- Ricky slept early, for he was very tired. Ricky睡得很早,因為他很累。
- Lucy loves tacos and salad. Lucy喜歡炸玉米餅和沙拉。
- He does not eat sweets nor drinks sugary liquids. 他不吃甜食,也不喝含糖飲料。
- Lanny likes crabs but hates shrimps. Lanny喜歡螃蟹,但討厭蝦。
- You can eat noodles with a fork or with chopsticks. 你可以用叉子或筷子吃麵。
- Jonathan usually wakes up late on a workday yet wakes up early on rest days. Jonathan通常在工作日很晚起來,但在休息日很早起床。
- It was raining, so I had to bring my umbrella. 下雨了,所以我不得不帶傘。
*當使用對等連詞連接獨立子句時,不要忘記在連接詞之前放一個逗號。
2. 從屬連接詞(Subordinating Conjunctions)
從屬連接詞將從屬子句跟獨立子句連接在一起。
常見的從屬連接詞 | |
時間 | after, as soon as, before, until, while |
對比 | although, even though, though, whereas |
原因 | as, because, in order that, since, so |
條件 | even if, if, provided that, unless |
- I go to the supermarket while my husband takes the children to school. 我去超市時,我丈夫送孩子上學。
- Although she couldn’t respond to the question about the difference between sorry and apologize, she was still able to answer the rest of the questions. 儘管她無法回答關於對不起和道歉的區別的問題,但她仍然能夠回答其餘的問題。
- Since the weather looks good today, Jess gets ready to go hiking. 由於今天天氣看起來不錯,Jess準備去遠足。
*以從屬子句開頭的句子通常需要一個逗號,但如果句子以獨立子句開頭,則不需要逗號。
- 例 1:Drew got a high mark in the exam because he studied hard. Drew在考試中得了高分,因為他很努力學習。
- 例2:Because he studied hard, Drew got a high mark in the exam.因為努力學習,Drew在考試中得了高分。
注意兩個句子中逗號的位置和子句的順序。 在例2中,從屬子句Because he studied hard後面是逗號。而在例1中的獨立子句Drew got a high score in the Exam後面不需要逗號。
3. 相關連接詞(Correlative Conjunctions)
顧名思義,這種類型的連接詞是相互關聯的。換句話說,它是一對連接詞來連接片語或文法一樣的子句。
包括:
- both A and B (A 和 B)
- either A or B (A或B)
- neither A nor B (既不是A也不是B)
- not only A but also B (不僅A而且B)
- not only A but B as well (不僅是A,還有B)
- whether A or B (不管是A還是B)
例:
- Both Alvin and Mark started their own business. Alvin和Mark都開始了自己的事業。
- Mr. Smith not only fixed the floor but also painted the walls. Smith先生不僅修了地板,還粉刷了牆壁。
使用相關連接詞時,主語和動詞應該一致。當有兩個主語由一對相關連詞連接時,第二個主語應與動詞一致。
- Either a single rose or some chocolates are perfect as gifts. 無論是一朵玫瑰還是一些巧克力都是很好的禮物。
- Either some chocolates or a single rose is perfect as a gift. 一些巧克力或一朵玫瑰都是很很棒的禮物。
當兩個先行詞透過相關連接詞連接時,第二個先行詞應該與後面的代名詞一致。複數先行詞通常用作第二個先行詞以方便閱讀。在下面給定的句子中,請注意第一個先行詞Serena和第二個先行詞her friend通過關聯對neither…nor連接。在句子的後半部分,我們使用their作為代詞,與第二個先行詞一致,後者也是複數形式。
- Neither Serena nor her friends took their lunch at noon. Serena 和她的朋友們都沒有在中午吃午飯。
使用相關連接詞時,還應注意結構平衡。
- She either likes playing golf or enjoys hiking.她要嘛喜歡打高爾夫球,要嘛喜歡遠足。
- Not only did David take Dina to dinner, but he also gave her a bunch of flowers. David不僅帶迪娜去吃飯,還送了她一束花。
4. 連接副詞(Conjunctive Adverbs)
最後一種是連接副詞。連接副詞是通過將兩個獨立的子句連接在一起而起到連接詞作用的副詞。它可以表示各種意義,如:
常見的連接副詞 | |
條件 | additionally, besides, furthermore, moreover |
因果 | consequently, accordingly, therefore, thus |
比較 | alternatively, similarly, likewise |
然而 | however, nevertheless, otherwise, conversely |
事例 | for example, for instance, namely |
總結 | briefly, in conclusion, in summary |
時間 | meanwhile, lately, now |
當用連接副詞連接兩個獨立的子句時,要在連接副詞之前使用分號或句號。連詞副詞後的逗號也將其與句子的其餘部分分開。示例如下所示。
- Noah successfully bought a concert ticket of his favorite pop group; however, he lost it on his way home. Noah成功買到了他最喜歡樂團的演唱會門票;然而他在回家的路上把它弄丟了。
- Lindsay has shown much improvement in her singing skill. Thus, she was chosen to represent the school in the national competition. Lindsay 的歌唱技巧有了很大的進步,因此她被選中代表學校參加全國比賽。
Key Points
- 對等連接詞連接文法上相等的單字、片語或獨立子句。
- 從屬連接詞將從屬子句跟獨立子句連接在一起的連接字。
- 相關連接詞是連接語法平行的單詞、短語或從句的一對連詞。
- 連接副詞是將兩個獨立子句連接在一起而起到連接詞作用的副詞。