الأزمنة التامة في اللغة الإنجليزية مع معانيها واستخداماتها وأمثلة عليها
في هذا الجزء من المقال، سنناقش معنى كل زمن تام في اللغة الإنجليزية مع استخداماته وأمثلة لفهم أفضل.
زمن المضارع التام
يعبر زمن المضارع التام عن فكرة الأفعال أو المواقف في الماضي المرتبطة بالموقف الحالي. وهذا يوضح مدى أهمية الفعل الماضي بالنسبة للحاضر.
بناء: has /have + صيغة الماضي التام
فيما يلي مثال على الجدول الزمني لفهم زمن المضارع التام بشكل أفضل.
I have studied English since I was 8 years old.
استخدامات زمن المضارع التام في اللغة الإنجليزية
- للأفعال المتكررة أو المعتادة مع وجود علامة زمنية تشير إلى الماضي.
مثال: My younger sister has always passed her exams. (افترض أن أختي لا تزال في الصف الخامس في هذه المرحلة ).
- للأفعال الفردية المستمرة حيث يبقى كل من فاعل الفعل والنتائج.
مثال: I have been with my best friend since we were 10 years old. (My best friend and I are still friends).
- لفعل حدث في الماضي ولكن نتائجه لا تزال مرئية.
مثال : Mr. Jones has broken the window. (The window is still broken at this time we are speaking).
- For actions that took place in unidentified periods of time and are not yet over.
Example: My friend has taken the book to the library this morning. (Imagine that by this time it is still morning).
- For actions that took place in the past and still relate to the present situation.
Example: I have studied Spanish. (Until now I know a lot about Spanish and I remember them).
Another use of present perfect tenses in English is with time markers “just, yet, already, and still” which usually indicate the attitude of the speaker.
- Just – a marker used to indicate an immediate past time: either ‘now’ or very close to now.
Example: She has just eaten her breakfast. (Assume that at the time of speaking, it was just a few minutes after the doer’s breakfast).
- Yet/already – this suggests that the speaker believes that the result of the action should or could be present now.
Example: Have you done your homework yet? (You worked on your homework; is it done? How long will it take you to finish?)
- Still – usually taught after already and yet.
Example: My cousin still hasn’t seen her father. (My cousin and her father probably have not met or they have separated ways at some place).